[PDF] Moments and power generated by the horse (Equus caballus) hind limb during jumping | Semantic Scholar (2024)

Kinetic and kinematic analysis was combined using inverse dynamics to calculate work and power for each joint of horses trotting at between 2.5 and 5.0 m s–1, and net work by the forelimb was essentially zero, contrary to the hypothesis.

Hindlimb EMA decreased substantially with increased acceleration – a potential strategy to increase stance time and thus ground impulses for a given peak force, may also increase the mechanical advantage for applying the horizontal forces necessary for acceleration.

It is demonstrated that there is a linear relationship between limb force and metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP) joint angle that is minimally influenced by digital flexor muscle activation in vitro or as a function of gait in vivo.

It appears that the Arab muscles have the potential to operate at slower velocities of contraction and hence generate greater force outputs when compared to the Quarter Horse muscles working over a similar range of joint motion; this would indicate that Arab hind limb muscles are optimized to function at maximum economy rather than maximum power output.

The metacarpophalangeal joint absorbed more energy than the other two joints while trotting and thus performed better in elastic energy storage and reflected the stability of reindeer wrist joints.

The goal of this study was to explore the mechanical power requirements associated with jumping in yellow-footed rock wallabies and to determine how these requirements are achieved relative to steady-speed hopping mechanics, and to suggest that back, trunk and tail musculature likely play a substantial role in contributing power during jumping.

The purpose of the present study was to gain more insight into the contribution of the forelimbs and hindlimbs of the horse to energy changes during the push-off for a jump, and to what extent these changes could involve passive spring-like behaviour of the Forelimbs.

The pelvic limb of the hare was found to contain substantial amounts of hip extensor and adductor/abductor muscle volume, which is likely to be required for power production and stability during rapid turning.

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The results showed that the net joint moment was on the caudal/plantar side of all hindlimb joints at the start of stance when the limb was being actively retracted, and remained on the cranial/dorsal side during the first half of swing to provide active limb protraction.

The results showed that the net joint moment was on the caudal/plantar side of all hindlimb joints at the start of stance when the limb was being actively retracted, and remained on the cranial/dorsal side during the first half of swing to provide active limb protraction.

In both bones, peak stresses were significantly greater and differed in their distribution during jumping and acceleration, compared to peak stresses during steady speed locomotion, which was greater for the metatarsus because of its lesser curvature, which diminishes the bone's ability to control for bending in a fixed direction.

It is demonstrated that there is a linear relationship between limb force and metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP) joint angle that is minimally influenced by digital flexor muscle activation in vitro or as a function of gait in vivo.

By graphically presenting hind limb motion, the relation between kinematics and function was illustrated and can be used in clinical studies involving quantification of equine hind limb coordination in the sagittal plane.

Compounded torques produced by tetanic stimulation of groups of extensor and flexor muscles were compared with computed torques developed by the same cat during previous jumps suggest that extensor muscles of the hindlimb are fully activated during the maximal vertical jump.

In the hindlimb of quadrupeds three major segments can be distinguished which can rotate with respect to each other in the hip, knee and ankle joints, and co-activation of mono-articular agonists and their bi-Articular antagonists appear to solve these problems in an effective and efficient way.

The hypothesis that mono‐ and bi‐articular muscles have essentially different roles in these powerful multijoint leg extension tasks is tested, which means that they should be activated primarily in the phases during which they can contribute to work, irrespective of the net joint torques required to control the external force.

Different patterns of time-frequency images obtained by wavelet analysis were found when the horse either knocked over a vertical obstacle or cleared it, and showed an instantaneous increase in stride frequency at the end of the approach phase, and a marked energy content in the middle frequency range at take-off.

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